KOREAN PENINSULA CONFLICT

He was called by a common name in Korea: Kim. She is female, and she is 41 years old. With her two sons, Kim broke through the border of two Koreas, and entered South Korea on November 11, 2010. South Korean authorities sealed Kim's identity. You see, the lives of Kim and his two sons are threatened. They ran from North Korea (North Korea). For the sake of the safety of their relatives in the hometown, such asreported VoA News, Kim's full name can not be opened. For the communist regime in North Korea, Kim's act with her two sons was a big sin. The action is equivalent of treason to the state. If caught, the punishment is severe. They will inhabit the forced labor camp. Kim is now one of 20,000 North Korean defectors, since the Korean peninsula was split after the Second World War. According to South Korean Unification Ministry officials, Kim was forced to flee from his country. Their village in Yanggang province can no longer be a life of support. In the past three years, more than 10,000 North Koreans have fled to South Korea. North Korea is now hit by food crisis. Economics is difficult. The situation of North Korea, as depicted by Victorio Sekitoleko, an official of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), is not very good. Victorio visited North Korea last September. She visits home and school. "I see people on the street. Every look at their eyes, what we are witnessing is starving people, "said Sekitoleko. He then noted, more than 30 percent of North Koreans suffer from severe food shortages. They end up desperate, breaking through the border, despite having to bet their lives. Attack to the south The crisis not only frustrated North Koreans. In fact, the ruler of Kim Jong-il seeks to draw international attention to the crisis in their country. Pyongyang sometimes acts desperately. South Korea became the target of firing. That is why North Korea is again highlighted the world over artillery attack to Yeonpyeong Island, South Korea, November 23, 2010. At least four people in South Korea, two of them civilians, were killed in the attack. Two days later, South Korean Defense Minister Kim Tae-young, withdrew from his post after being deemed incapable of anticipating, and giving the North Koreans quick action. As the last Stalinist state in the world, North Korea is often accused by the West as a ringleader of conflict on the Korean Peninsula. Many parties are wary if the crisis is left then it could be a lighter the occurrence of large-scale war. Despite full alert, South Korea and its ally, the United States (US), restraint is not directly reply in the form of frontal attacks. Do not want to be reckless, they realize the opponent faced is a desperate country. North Korea is considered to have nothing else, other than self-esteem and weapons. The Associated Press news agency said US intelligence officials believe the North has eight to twelve nuclear bombs ready to be relocated to missiles. The criticism of the South Korean attack was also criticized by China, North Korea's closest ally. Although Beijing's reaction was not to be criticized and angry as the United States (US), South Korea, Japan and other Western allies. Mutual accusations The two Koreas are recriminating against who this turbulent trigger this time. South Korea, quoted by Yonhap news agency, accused North Korea of ​​being the first lighter of the conflict. Instead, North Korea's KCNA news agency said South Korea first fired shots. At that time South Korea was training in the waters near Yeonpyeong. Some of the waters in the Yellow Sea are still disputed by both countries. In the North Korean state television broadcast, the regime in Pyongyang blames South Korea - which they consider to be the US puppet government and its allies. "The armed forces are forced to take military action against military provocation by the puppet regime, "The North Korean broadcaster quoted Chosun Ilbo as saying two days after the attack. Even North Korea dare to threaten to attack again. "If the puppets dare enter our territory, even 0.001 mm, the revolutionary armed forces will not hesitate to take unforgiving military action back," continued the broadcast again. The problem is, not just that time North Korea make a tantrum. A number of incidents have taken place since the 1950-1953 Korean War. In March, a North Korean submarine torpedo thrashed a South Korean patrol boat. About 46 sailors were killed. Earlier, in 1987, about 104 passengers and 11 crew members of Korean Air plane were killed by an explosion of bombs inside a plane by North Korean intelligence agents. In the 1970s, North Korea was acting by kidnapping a number of Japanese and South Koreans. They also like to confront the Western countries in the diplomacy forum, especially about nuclear weapons. That is why, many times North Korea gets economic sanctions, and trade from the UN Security Council in recent years. Like religion Former US President, Jimmy Carter, admitted not easy to face North Korea. Regardless of its military capabilities are quite tough, let alone have nuclear weapons technology, North Korea difficult to compromise and tend to be easily offended. "Dealing with North Korea has long been a challenge for the United States," Carter wrote in his opinion in the Washington Post newspaper, November 24, 2010. The 39th President of the United States considers there is such a special character that shapes the regime and society in North Korea. They are not easily subject to foreign influences. Carter calls the character the same as religion. "The official religion in a closed society is 'juche'. This means resting on yourself and do not want to be dominated by others, "said Carter. In other words, for the sake of getting something, they choose to struggle rather than submit to the commands of others, especially with those who are considered enemies. That character has always been emphasized by the leader of North Korea since the end of the Korean War. Especially by Kim Il-sung to his current ruling son, Kim Jong-il. The attitude seems to be inherited to his son, Kim Jong-un, the third-generation leader. North Korea has never explicitly explained the reasons for the attacks and sabotage they have done so far. However, observers suspect that attacks on Yeonpyeong Island and related incidents have dimmed North Korea's pride or pride on the world stage. Hunger The military power of North Korea is considered to be tough. The Library of Congress's research as well as the CIA's intelligence services include North Korea into the world's 20 strongest military groups. North Korea is also considered to be a "macho group," ie countries with nuclear weapons technology. But, apart from that, there is nothing that can be relied upon by North Korea. The country lags far behind neighbors as well as its rival, South Korea. North Korea is not as prosperous as it was 40 or 50 years ago. At that time, their economy was much better than South Korea, which crept from zero after being devastated by the Korean War. But the situation is turning now. South Korea is now in the group of elite countries, including as members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and G20. Meanwhile, North Korea looks increasingly impoverished. As their neighbors dissolved into a frenzy as hosts of some of the world's most important events-such as the 1988 Olympics, World Cup 2002, until the G-20 summit last November, North Koreans have been plagued by food insecurity since the 1990s. The majority of North Koreans are threatened with sustained famine in the coming year. Due to bad weather, harvesting schedules will be disrupted, combined reports from two UN agencies, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Food Program (WFP), on November 16, 2010. The report refers to the joint team's visit to North Korea, at the invitation local governments from 21 September to 2 October 2010. They are in charge of reviewing this year's harvest and projections next year, and assess how much food aid North Koreans need. The result is very apprehensive. In addition to the disrupted crop, about five million people - or about 20 percent of the total North Korean population, need food aid. They are mostly children, pregnant or breast-feeding women as well as the elderly who have no help from relatives. According to FAO and WFP reports, North Koreans in recent decades have often suffered from food shortages. The situation occurs when their territory is hit by bad weather, destroying crops in collective farms. That is the main way for people in the countryside to get food. When harvested, the collective crops are mostly sent to the city as state taxes. The situation grew so bad in the mid-1990s. According to The Guardian's daily page, at that time many North Koreans were killed. The amount varies between 600,000 and more than two million. Since then, the country is heavily dependent on food aid, especially from its neighbors as well as its "enemies," South Korea. FAO and WFP warned that, despite the delivery of rice and instant noodles packages from South Korea last September, the aid was still lacking. Assistance is less than 4 percent of the need. The South Korean government is concerned over neighboring problems in the north. "The North's food crisis is a" slow-moving famine, "which has had a long-lasting impact. It seems that hunger has caused harm to all the joints of the North Korean population, "Statistics Korea's statistics agency Statistics Korea said. The defector As the communist government insists on staying hostile to South Korea, many North Koreans have migrated quietly to the South. The goal is not about enjoying freedom, but it's a stomach affair to get away from starvation, and poverty in North Korea. According to the JoongAng Ilbo daily, South Korea currently hosts more than 20,000 defectors from North Korea. Their condition is sad. Many defectors run out of money because they are used to pay brokers for unsavory bidders. Even if there is, they are forced to dismantle piggy banks, so that the brokers are willing to pick up their relatives from North Korea. Of course using illegal ways. You see, the North Korean government does not even allow its citizens to cross to South Korea. Due to strict guarding South Korea-North Korea border guards, people who want to flee from North Korea had to cross first to China, a country bordering North Korea. It is a dangerous road, but other options do not exist. According to VOA News radio, women and children are being smuggled to China. Without sufficient supplies, and illegal immigrants, they eventually became sex workers, forced marriages, or became lowly laborers. That is making trafficking from North Korea to China, according to US State Department data, including the highest in the world. The Chinese government considers these smugglers as "economic migrants," or those who are forced to infiltrate due to economic difficulties. When caught, they are forcibly repatriated to the North, and are threatened to receive severe punishment from the authorities. Observers link the North's food trouble with the attacks on Yeonpyeong. The attack could be interpreted as a message, that the North is in crisis, but not necessarily until begging. Moreover, the US still refuses to revoke the economic and trade embargo over North Korea. "Unable to pressure Washington, they finally do more to Seoul," said Choi Jin-wook, a researcher from the South Korean Institute for National Unification, as quoted by The New York Times. "They are in a desperate situation and they need food aid as soon as possible, not next year," Choi said.

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INDONESIA EXPEL RAISE OBJECTION OF CINA ABOUT NORTH NATUNA SEA

The Indonesian government rejects Chinese protests over naming the South China Sea into the North Natuna Sea. According to the Coordinating Ministry of Marine Affairs, the naming only covers the territorial waters of Indonesia.

The Indonesian government brushed off China's objections to naming the South China Sea into the North Natuna Sea. According to the Coordinating Minister for the Ministry of Marine Affairs, Luhut Binsar Padjaitan, the name change only concerns the area of ​​waters around the Natuna islands that are included in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Indonesia.

"The change of the name of the actual map of the Indonesian territory is reviewed," he told Kompas.

Previously, China criticized Indonesia's move because it is considered potentially disrupt the stability of security in the region. "This name change does not make any sense," said Geng Shuang, a foreign ministry spokesman in Beijing. "We hope the related countries can work together with China to jointly maintain a conditional situation in the South China Sea," he said.

The Indonesian government argues that a change of name is needed to reduce uncertainty about borders. In addition, the name of North Natuna Sea has also been used by the oil and gas industry since several years ago.

"The map of Indonesia has clear coordinates and data, and the government will not negotiate with other countries that make non-conventional claims, including those who insist on a map with nine broken lines," said Arif Havas Oegroseno, Maritime Sovereign Deputy of the Coordinating Ministry for the Ministry of Marine Affairs.

According to Oegroseno, his agency has reviewed the re-mapping of Indonesian waters since mid-2016. The move was taken to create legal clarity at sea and secure the Exclusive Economic Zone of Indonesia.

Although it does not deal with China related to the South China Sea, Beijing's claim to the territorial waters also includes part of the Exclusive Economic Zone of Indonesia in the north of the Natuna Islands. In addition the Indonesian military is also often faced with the Chinese Coast Guard Force who escorted the fishing boats north of Natuna.

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THE BACKGROUND OF POSO CONFLICT

Before the case which can be said mild religious conflict Ahok sticking out, far earlier in Indonesia also had a terrible religious conflict. Where at that time, the conflict took the lives of thousands of people. The conflict was known as Poso Conflict .

Background Poso Conflict

Conflict in Poso is one of the conflicts in Indonesia that has not been resolved to date. Although already several resolutions offered, but it can not guarantee security in Poso. Various kinds of conflicts continue to emerge in Poso. Although in general the conflicts that occurred in Poson is religious background, but if we examine further, then we will find various interest groups that color the conflict.

Poso is a district in Central Sulawesi. When viewed from the diversity of the population, Poso belongs to a fairly diverse area, in addition there are indigenous tribes who inhabit Poso, tribal immigrants were many domiciled in Poso, such as from Java, Batak, bugis and so forth.

Indigenous tribes in Poso, similar to the surrounding areas, Morowali and Tojo Una Una, are Toraja people. According to Albert Kruyt there are three large groups of Toraja who settled in Poso. First, Toraja Barat or often called Toraja Pargi-Kaili. The second is Toraja Timur or Toraja Poso-Tojo, and the third is South Toraja called also Toraja Sa'dan premises. The first group is domiciled in Central Sulawesi, while for the third group is located in South Sulawesi. For the poso region itself, it is divided into two major groups. The first is Poso tojo who speak Bare'e and the second is Toraja Parigi-kaili. But for the first group it does not have the same language as the first group.

Judging from the religious context, Poso is divided into two major religious groups, Islam and Christianity. Before the pemekaran, Poso was dominated by Islam, but after experiencing the division into Morowali and Tojo Una Una, it dominated Christianity. In addition there are still many adherents of religions based on ethnicity, especially in rural areas. Islam in this case goes to Sulawesi, and especially Poso, first. Only then was Christian followed into Poso.

This diversity is one of the most frequent loudspeakers of riots in Poso. Whether it is social-cultural riots, or religious background riots, as claimed during the Poso riots of 1998 and the 2000 riots. Religion seems to be the vehicle and the reason for tendesius for their own interests.

The beginning of the Poso conflict occurred after the election of the regent in December 1998. There was a religious syntax behind the election. With the win of the couple Piet I and Mutholib Rimi time can not be separated from the identity of religion and tribe[1] .For further the religion is made a  fairy tedeng  on every conflict that occurred in Poso. Minor perseturuan, a kind of fight between the persona can be a trigger of unrest there. For example, there are two youths involved in a fight. One is Muslim and the other is Christian. Because one party suffers a defeat, there is a feeling of not receiving between the two. After that one, or even both, report the matter to their respective groups, and there is a riot involving many people and even groups.

Prior to the outbreak of the conflict in December 1998 and followed by several further conflicts, Poso had experienced tensions between religious communities (Muslims and Christians) in 1992 and 1995. 1992 was the result of Rusli Lobolo (a former Muslim, Soewandi who is also a former Muslim) is considered blasphemous of Islam, calling Muhammad the Prophet of Islam is not the Prophet let alone the Apostle. While the events of February 15, 1995 occurred due to throwing mosques and madrassas in the village of Tegalrejooleh a group of Christian youth from the village of Mandale. This incident received resistance and reprisals of young Muslims from Tegalrejo and Lawanga by destroying houses in the village of Mandale. These "small" riots were then muffled by the New Order security apparatus,

Indeed, after the events of 1992 and 1995, people returned to life fairly. But along with the collapse of the New Order, complete with the weak role of "security forces" who are being sued in all sectors through various issues, Poso riots erupt again, even in successive and more massive. The beginning of the unrest occurred in December 1998, the second conflict occurred in April 2000, shortly after the second riot occurred again the third riot in May-June 2000. the conflict continued with the fourth riot in July 2001; and fifth in November 2001. These events show a linkage between each other, so riots are scrutinized in the context of volumes one to five.[2]

However, the Poso conflict pattern is too complex to analyze only based on that sequence, intensifying the extent and extensity of the region and the perpetrators of the conflict between stages showing very basic differences. There are several patterns of riots that can be seen in the unrest in Poso. Firstly, the unrest in Poso usually started in Poso city and further spread to areas around Poso. The Poso region of the city the existence of religious composition  relative balanced and equal. Secondly, the riots that occurred in the city center were followed by massive mobility, coming from outside Poso, even from outside the Poso district. When the first and second riots erupted, the crowds entered the city of Poso coming from Ampana sub-district, Parigi, lage, Pamona, and even from Donggala district. When the third riot erupted, mass mobilization was even more explosive, and much larger than the mobs who came in first and second riots.

The third pattern is that riots are always marked by the use of sharp weapons, be they blunt objects, swords, machetes, even firearms. The information obtained many mengakana that most of the victims died due to sabetan saber / machete, collision premises hard objects, and so forth. In addition, the evidence that the riot in April 2000 was informed of six deaths caused by gunfire.

The fourth pattern is misunderstanding of information from both sides. In the first riots, it began with a fight between two young Muslims and Christians, who then  blow up  into a conflict of two religious groups. The second conflict stems from the fighting of two youth groups, and then the information says that the riots are riots with a religious background.

The conflicts of December 1998 and April 2000 tend to be simply called "tawuran", [3]  Since the conflict was only triggered by inter-kampung youth clashes, the intensity and conflict areas were severely limited in a small subdistrict of the city. Group solidarity does exist, but it has not led to the desire to nullify other groups. In fact, after knowing that the cause of the clash is a booze, the clashing group had actually agreed to hold a joint alcoholic operation.

From May to June 2000 followed by July 2001 and November-December 2001 the conflict has indicated the characteristics of civil war. Conflict has led to the elimination of the existence of the opponent, evident from the reality of the murder of anyone, including women and children, who are considered part of the opponent. Strong group solidarity has been established through the ideologization of conflict based on religious and ethnic issues, so that the conflict becomes intensive (violent and victimized) and extensive (regional and perpetrator). Even contrary to the previous two conflicts that commonly use rocks and sharp weapons, since the third conflict in May 2000 they have used firearms, which continue into the fourth and fifth conflicts, as well as some sporadic "post-conflict" violence.

The Poso conflict has claimed thousands of lives as well as abandoned the difficult psychological trauma, apparently only fueled by trivial matters of youth fights. Solidarity of the group did appear in the riots, but the context is still pure around the world of teenagers, namely: the issue of alcohol, the issue of place of sinners. But it is this trivial matter that is finally exploited by political adventurers through the instrument of the issue of migrants  vs.  indigenous peoples crammed with a number of conflicting commodities in the form of socio-cultural, economic and political positions. Even the conflict was radicalized with a religious ideological pack, so the initial Poso conflict was just a brawl that turned into a civil war between the components of the nation.

The root causes of Poso conflict are complex. There is a contemporary issue, but there are also roots that connect to historical problems. In religious politics for example, the problem can be traced back to the Dutch colonial era which in the context of Poso facilitated the spread of Christianity in the form of financial support. The favor of the colonial government was not based on religious zeal, but rather on political interests, mainly because the action of indigenous dissent was generally mobilized by Islam.

The political religion of the colonial heritage has finally built two   main images within Poso's political constellation: Poso is identical with the Christian community, and the bureaucracy in Poso has historically been predominantly Christian. However, in the era of religious fact independence, there was a process of inversion. If in 1938 the number of Poso Christians reached 41.7 percent, long stay 30s percent. [4] The  1997 data that Muslim Poso reached 62.33 percent, while Protestant Christian 34.78 percent and Catholic only 0.51 percent, plus the rest of Buddhism and Hinduism. [5]

This reversal process is not due to apostasy, but due to regional migration, so that the population composition shifts. In the context of Poso, the socio-economic and cultural political constellations are affected by the changing reality of the composition of this community, especially with the process of impoverishment among indigenous peoples. This process of impoverishment occurs both because of poverty culture and the fallacy of policy (structural poverty), such as the lunturnya obedience to ulayat land. The Sulawesi-Sulawesi road development from Palopo to Palu through Tentena and Poso has brought implications for the rapid migration of Muslim immigrants into the Christian base.

Bugis arrivals who have a strong trading culture quickly master the trading network. Bugis is considered to have strong Islamic loyalty, almost always building places of worship in every community they live in. This reality not only marks the shift of ethnic communities, but also in religious communities.

The fact of this religious community shift ultimately influenced the Poso political constellation. With the introduction of an educational program of the era of independence, educated Muslims emerged, and subsequently began to compete in the field of bureaucracy. This is where the politics of religious communities begin to play also in the world of personnel, among others: (1). Early Christian dominance began to be confronted with new rival Islam. (2). The strategic position originally dominated by Christianity, naturally occurs hand shifting. In this situation religious politics in the context of personnel bureaucracy began to pervade in the life of the people of Poso. The perspective of religious community in the context of bureaucratic political competition, the complete impact of the distribution of projects to people close,

From there it appears that the actors involved in the conflict are actually very complex involving elements of bureaucrats, economic actors, in addition to religious culture groups, which in turn involve also forces from outside Poso with all interests, ranging from the troops, apparatus security, bureaucrats at the provincial or central levels who take advantage of the Poso issue for the sake of interest.

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MYSTERY OF NOVEL BASWEDAN'S CASE

A few months ago we were shocked by a case of hard water attack against KPK investigator Novel Baswedan. However, this case still holds a mystery about the motive of the perpetrators assault and who the mastermind behind this attack case? A few months later, this case instantly exploded like a pot bomb when Novel said that there was a general involved in the assault case against him, in an interview with a foreign media in Singapore.

Suddenly the Novel statement makes police and KPK institutions such as  beard fires. KPK and Polri then react quickly by conducting a meeting of direct cooperation led by the highest leaders of both law enforcement agencies. However, the Novel statement has caused a new uproar over speculation of the general linkage in this case. Fortunately, the general, did not immediately make the Right of Questionnaire KPK.

We must be careful in addressing the polemic of this case so as not to be dragged to things that would cause a new commotion. We must also address the case within the  scope of a comprehensive legal issue , as well as  the psychological impacts  experienced by the Novel resulting from the attack.

The important question is, why is Novel attacked with hard water? Why not be shot closely or through a  sniper  for example? Why not be stabbed with a knife or disabet with a machete? Of course there is  something  behind the election of a way to carry out such an attack.

The attack is definitely  not to kill Novel ! The assault is clearly only to  permanently injure the Novel, physically and mentally.  The assault is also a  sign or a warning  for the novel and also for people like Novel! The dalang obviously has  an emotional bond  with Novel. This assault is indeed personal, with a very strong background of hatred.

In addition to the psychological significance, the selection of this hard water also has important related meanings to  obscure  the evidence. The use of sharp weapons (knives or machetes) is clearly less effective to obscure the dalang in this case. The use of sharp weapons by the perpetrator is usually always in the state of " open play " without trying to cover the identity of the perpetrator.

Also highlighted is the police performance. This is a difficult situation for the police. Not all cases can be revealed quickly. Partly because it is done by very professional people. Partly because it takes a long time to decipher the problem first. In order to find a more comprehensive answer, the police were tested for patience. Sometimes after some time has passed, the perpetrator or the negligent mastermind, then may leave a piece of clue that can be used to uncover the case.

Some say the police are not serious about this case because maybe this case really involves a general. This is merely speculative with the aim of practical politics. Let's think positive, Police have worked hard to uncover this case. Not only for the sake of law enforcement, but also for the prestige of the corps and the personal challenge of conquering the case.

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ERADICATION ROHINGYA ETHNIC (GENOSIDA)

Many people argue that the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar is a matter of religion or even ethnic differences. But an analyst from SADF's Head of Research, Siegfried O. Wolf argues, the crisis is more political and economic.

Ethnic Rohingnya is a majority Muslim community, and live in the state of Rakhine, Myanmar. Their number is about a million, but they are not the largest group of people in Rakhine. Most of the Rakhine are Buddhists. The community of Rakhine citizens feels culturally discriminated against, also economically exploited and politically dismantled by the central, predominantly Burmese government. In this special context, Rohingyas regarded the Rakhine people as additional rivals and threats to their own identity. Buddhists in Rakhine also got a call from their monk to slaughter ethnic Rohingya (muslim). This is the main cause of tension in the state, and has resulted in casualties from the Muslim Rohingya. Ethnic Rohingya gets inhumane behavior,

In addition, the Rakhine group feels betrayed politically, because the Rohingians do not vote for their political party. This causes added tension. Meanwhile, the government does not encourage reconciliation, but supports Buddhist fundamentalists with a view to safeguarding their interests in the resource-rich region. These factors are the main cause behind conflicts between ethnic and interreligious groups. This is also the cause of the deteriorating living conditions of Rohingyas, as well as violations of their socio-political rights.

In short, domestic solutions to Rohingnya problems can only be achieved if the ruling Myanmar elite, as well as the decision-makers, change their mindset. But the seizure of natural resources, the advantages of development projects and the rise of fundamentalist Buddhist groups are likely to prevent that from happening.

Why do Buddhist Buddhists oppose Rohingyas? Is this just a matter of religion, or is there some other problem?

Interreligious relations in Myanmar is a very complex issue. Muslims, especially Rohingyas, are confronted with a deep fear of Islam in a predominantly Buddhist society and country. Fundamental citizens claim that Buddhist culture and society are pushed by Muslims. Moreover, Myanmar is surrounded by countries that are predominantly Muslim, such as Bangladesh, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia. Rohingnya citizens are considered a threat to the lifestyle and Buddhist beliefs, and so the road to the Islamization of Myanmar.

But this problem also has an economic aspect. Rakhine is one of the poorest states, though rich in natural resources. So the Rohingyas are considered an additional economic burden, if they compete for jobs and opportunities to do business. Jobs and businesses in the state are mostly controlled by the elite Burmese. So practically speaking, Buddhism's dislike toward Rohingyas is not just a matter of religion or ethnicity but is driven by political and economic problems.

Is the democratization process in Myanmar helping Rohingya?

This process has not produced improvements in the condition of society. Burmese politics proves that the democratic process can lead to a regime that represents the majority, and does not pay any attention to minority citizens altogether. Myanmar has a political system based on majority rule without institutional protection for minority rights.

Nevertheless, there is great hope that democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi will change the situation and try to make the political culture that encapsulates all citizens can be created. But the Nobel peace laureate has shocked many political observers for failing to comment on the woes of his Rohingians. I think substantial reforms in the country's electoral system can help minorities, but the majority will prevent this change.

Today many Rohingyas have fled to neighboring countries, such as to Indonesia, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand and other neighboring countries. But still Rohingya residents are considered illegal immigrants who have to pay visas and taxes. So far Turkey is responsible for all these costs, but specifically in Indonesia, Rohingyas are borne directly from the Indonesian Government. 

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NORTH KOREAN SLID NUCLEAR THROUGH JAPAN

On Tuesday, exactly August 29, 2017 North Korea has launched a nuclear missile through Japanese air territory. The nuclear missile was launched over Hokkaido Island before it exploded in the ocean. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe called the North Korean action an unprecedented threat. The UN Security Council is expected to hold an emergency meeting in response to the action.

North Korea has conducted a series of missile launch tests some time ago and this is the first time nuclear missiles have been fired through Japan. Earlier, North Korea fired missiles through Japanese territory in 1998 and 2009. But at that time the North called that they fired not weapons missiles but only a satellite launch. The latest launch this time is evidence that North Korea has a capable missile capable enough to transport nuclear warheads.

The interim analysis said the missile was over a distance of over 2,700 kilometers and looked like Hwasong-12, a medium-range missile whose technology was updated. Missiles reach a maximum height of approximately 550 km. So far there has been no report of a Japanese attempt to reciprocate North Korea's actions. The Japanese government only gives early warning to Hokkaido residents to take shelter in sturdy buildings and dungeons. The US and Japanese military have just completed joint exercises in Hokkaido. At the same time, other annual military exercises involving tens of thousands of South Korean and US troops are also deployed in South Korea.

North Korea considers military drills involving the United States to be very provocative and call it also in preparation for invading the country.   The South Korean president has ordered to show the real power of their military in response to the launch of the missile. Four South Korean jet-made bombs have been prepared. The Prime Minister of Japan said he had spoken with the President of the United States. Both agreed to increase pressure on North Korea. Russia also spoke to the incident, with Russia's Deputy Foreign Minister saying "Russia is very worried about the growing tension."

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REPUBLIC INDONESIA KEEP TRYING TO GET BACK IN THE AIR CONTROLLED OF SINGAPORE

Since 1946, the Flight Information Region (FIR) in the Riau Islands region includes Batam, Tanjungpinang, and Natuna are within Singapore's control. If the aircraft intends to pass through the area, in addition to requesting permission from ATC Indonesia, it is also required to request clearance to the State of the Thousand and One Bans. Launched from various sources, Singapore's mastery of Indonesian airspace reaches 100 nautical miles. That means Singapore is in control of Indonesia's air traffic about 200 km from the border of the two countries. Singapore's air control is almost almost entering the Pangkalpinang area. Such circumstances can potentially threaten national defense or sovereignty, because military aircraft wishing to land, depart, or simply pass through the area must obtain Singapore's permission first. Even so there is information that some Air Force pilots ignore the authority of Singapore. Even KSAU Marshal Agus Supriatna admitted he never asked for permission Singapore if passing while he was still active as an F-16 pilot. Singapore's control of the Indonesian airspace allowed them to "kiss" Indonesian defense operations even before the aircraft. This is of course dangerous. The reason why Singapore managed to master the airspace is because Indonesia did not have a sophisticated airport or that can control the airspace of Indonesia as a whole.

Actually efforts to recapture have been done several times but always fail because ICAO feels Indonesia has not enough and can not afford in infrastructure. Not only to regulate air traffic, ICAO's mandate also makes Singapore entitled to collect fees from all airlines that pass through the FIR, including airlines of other countries. The rates are in US dollars and the amount varies depending on the type and capacity of the aircraft. However, the fee must also be shared with the Government of Indonesia. The number of aircraft passing through the region, including Malaysian airlines, can make a fee which Indonesia receives is huge if it is not shared with Singapore. However, the control of air space by other countries is a concern because as if to enter the house itself, Indonesia must permit the neighbors. 
The arrangement of Singapore's air control by Singapore has been updated several times since 1946. It also refers to the FIR Delegation Agreement to Singapore in 1995 and renewed in 2013. and it has been regulated through Presidential Decree No.7 / 1996. The meeting between Indonesia and Singapore related to the return of FIR Batam and Riau Islands region was done. The agreement is in accordance with Law No.1 of 2009, the return of the air management authority shall be returned no later than 15 years since the law was enacted.

"It should be coordinated between the relevant agencies, including the Singapore delegation to this issue, we are very concerned, especially if it covers the border area." The border issue is strived to include the drone preparation, "explained the TNI retiree.
"Our maritime boundary areas are still a problem with 10 countries, for the land of three countries and the air with Singapore." We will continue to strive, "said Subagyo.
Meanwhile, Director General of Air Transportation Kemenhub Suprasetyo when confirmed about this FIR said it was still trying. In addition to Indonesia's infrastructure issues that are not yet ready, the agreement with Singapore is also an obstacle.
"We are preparing, once we are ready to be discussed at ICAO, because we have to get approval there, but we will coordinate the target (the longest takeover) if the law is still somewhat distant, we must unite indeed to re-seize it," said Suprasetyo di same location.

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